 Introduction
Volumes on this focus on the concept of Tests of Language Proficiency and are available in 14 major
Indian Languages. They consist of innovatively cultivated item resources on a variety of content areas
applicable for secondary (Std. X) level of general education. They are presented under seven broad
categories of which the following five have been provided with examples: Reading Comprehension
(main idea, direct information, sequence, cause and effect, inference, and vocabulary), Lexical
Skills (lexical meaning, contextual meaning, synonyms, and antonyms), Structure (sequence
completion, error detection, sentence comprehension, transformation, and formal grammar), Writing and
Composition (spelling, idioms and proverbs, precis writing, text organization, letter writing and
composition), Listening Comprehension (passages). Specifications needed for the remaining categories
viz., Speaking and General (language related) Information, have been left to
the decision of item writers in view of their familiarity with those categories. Tests of required length
and time can be constructed from these resources to assess language proficiency for such purposes
as job selection, and training. Teachers, learners, and evaluators of
language education will find these works very useful.
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